Table 2. Qualitative synthesis of results

Intervention type	Author	Effects on shoulder function	Effects on pain	Qualitative conclusion
Early ROM exercises	Lauridsen et al.5	Improved flexion and abduction; restored ROM earlier than control	Moderate reduction	Safe and effective if initiated early; prevents long-term stiffness
Progressive resistance training	Schmitz et al.8 De Groef et al.3	Improved muscle strength, joint stability, and functional capacity	Significant reduction	Beneficial for strength without adverse effects; supports rehabilitation goals
Supervised physiotherapy	Sagen et al.24	Improved ROM, posture, and movement control	Significant pain relief	More effective when guided by therapists; it encourages adherence and better outcomes
Aerobic + resistance training	Courneya et al.23	General improvement in physical function and endurance	Mild to moderate reduction	Supports overall wellness; may not target shoulder-specific deficits as precisely
Stretching & manual therapy	Sagen et al.24	Increased flexibility, corrected postural imbalances	Mild pain reduction	Supportive modality; effective when combined with active exercise

ROM = range-of-motion.