Table 3. Changes in the ratio of muscle activity between bridge exercise and sling bridge exercise

Muscles (ratio)	Bridge exercise	Sling bridge exercise	t-value	p-value	Effect size
GM/BF	1.85 ± 0.59	1.25 ± 0.19	3.840	0.001*	1.37
MF/BF	1.61 ± 0.49	1.13 ± 0.19	3.637	0.002*	1.29
GM/MF	1.16 ± 0.10	1.12 ± 0.15	0.892	0.383	0.31

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. GM, gluteus maximus; BF, biceps femoris; MF, multifidus.
p < 0.05. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.