Table 1. Muscle activities during various shoulder horizontal abduction exercises

Measures	PSHA	PSHATE	SSHATE	P value
UT (%MVIC)	35.05±9.75	35.81±10.02	30.55±10.08	0.003*
LT (%MVIC)	67.87±7.93	75.87±8.42	65.40±11.15	0.001*
UT/LT (Ratio)	0.52±0.15	0.47±0.12	0.48±0.15	0.352

Values aer mean±standard deviation.
Significant difference among shoulder horizontal abduction exercises, p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: LT, lower trapezius; MVIC, maximal voluntary isometric contraction; PSHA, prone shoulder horizontal abduction; PSHATE, prone shoulder horizontal abduction with thoracic extension; SSHATE, sitting shoulder horizontal abduction with thoracic extension; UT, upper trapezius.