Table 2. Measurement variables to verify the reliability and validity using anatomical landmark points

Measure variables First landmark point Second landmark point
Navicular tuberosity height Navicular tuberosity Sole surface level
Medial malleolus height Medial malleolus center Sole surface level
Lateral malleolus height Lateral malleolus center Sole surface level
1st MTPJ frontal length 1st MTPJ medial border Most distal end of phalanx
5th MTPJ frontal length 5th MTPJ lateral border Most distal end of phalanx
Foot length Calcaneal tuberosity center Most distal end of phalanx
1st MTPJ length 1st MTPJ medial border Calcaneal tuberosity center
5th MTPJ length 5th MTPJ lateral border Calcaneal tuberosity center
Metatarsal length 1st MTPJ medial border 5th MTPJ lateral border
Foot breadth length 1st MTPJ medial border 5th MTPJ lateral border
Abbreviation: MTPJ, metatarsophalangeal joint.