Table 3. Comparison of elbow angular acceleration between abdominal nonactivation and activation conditions in P1 and P2

		ANA	AA	p value	t	ES	95% CI
P1	x-axis	37,075.99 ± 29,890.58	38,274.07 ± 67,731.17	0.919	–0.103	0.02	–26,506.13 to 23,990.16
	y-axis	30,256.73 ± 34,609.91	24,920.10 ± 26,417.39	0.271	1.127	0.23	–4,457.22 to 15,130.48
	z-axis	18,188.11 ± 29,241.04	18,653.37 ± 21,927.73	0.947	–0.067	0.01	–14,749.32 to 13,818.80
P2	x-axis	55,066.00 ± 36,165.10	98,073.15 ± 32,636.67	0.028*	–2.341	0.48	–81,016.07 to –4,998.24
	y-axis	93,001.42 ± 57,400.47	107,181.01 ± 66,382.47	0.063	–1.950	0.40	–29,219.12 to 859.94
	z-axis	43,025.98 ± 30,169.35	58,349.61 ± 45,108.72	0.038*	–2.206	0.45	–29,693.85 to –953.41

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
p<0.05.
ANA, abdominal nonactivation; AA, abdominal activation; ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval; P1, phase 1; P2, phase 2.